Old Age
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If you have chosen old age as your focus for the semester's work, choose THREE (or more!) of the following texts.  You will need to order them and have them available at the beginning of classes.  The Creighton University bookstore will process special orders, or you can get them through your local book store or online.  It really doesn't matter to me how you get them.  Use your own judgment and value system to make this decision.  What does matter is that you, in fact, have them for use at the beginning of the semester! 

Places to look:  amazon.com, half.com, borders.com, bn.com AND 

http://www.bigwords.com -- Put in the ISBNs of each of your choices.  Bigwords will search the available internet outlets and will return the best available total price, considering availability, shipping, sales prices, special deals etc.  When you have the whole set ready, Bigwords leads you step by step through the purchase process from the vendor(s) with the best total deal for you.  It is a totally cool way to find the books you need for this course!
The Economics of Aging.   James H. Schulz.  2001.  7th edition.  Auburn House Publishing, ISBN:  0865692955.

RAL: HD7105.35U6S38 2001

Economics of aging.  Student review by Joe Waters

Description:  Still the definitive book on the subject, this volume has been thoroughly revised to cover rapidly changing aspects of the economics of aging.  It provides an in-depth examination of the nation's evolving private and public policies on retirement, pension, and health, including, for instance, the dramatic changes in employer-sponsored pensions.  New attention is given to the retirement of baby boomer and the financial situation of older women.   Other topics added to this edition include the proposed new way of measuring poverty, new economic implications of demographic aging, the concept of 'productive aging,' an update on reverse annuity mortgages, hybrid pension plans and pension privatization, and current information of Social Security.

Challenges to Social Security.  James Midgley, Martin B. Tracy, editors. 1996.  Auburn House Pub., ISBN:  0865692440

RAL:  HD7091C48 1996

U.S., Britain, Poland, Uruguay, Turkey, Zimbabwe; Social Security

Examines problems facing social security systems.  Concludes that though cross-cultural generalizations are dangerous, administrators and politicians in industrialized countries tend to face political pressures and structural constraints that limit their ability to respond to changing conditions, and in developing countries they must also deal with the growing disparity both between and within countries.

The Marketization of Social Security.  John Dixon and Mark Hyde.  2001, Quorum Books, ISBN: 1567203256.

RAL:  HD7091 .M235 2001

Latin America, Asia, Europe, North America, Africa; Social security

Much could be gained from the privatization of social security--but can the gains actually be delivered? Dixon, Hyde, and their contributing authors take a balanced look at where we are now, and where we seem to be moving, on the issues of social security privatization and come up skeptical. There will be tradeoffs, but will the benefits outweigh the costs? Their volume examines a variety of settings in Latin America, Asia, Europe, North America, and Africa, where the "marketization" of social security appears most hotly contested. As a contribution to this new, energetic global policy discourse, the book will be of special interest to policymakers in the public and private sectors, and particularly in organizations where concerns about the growing cost of employee benefits have become critical. 

Social Security and Retirement Around the World (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report).  Jonathan Gruber, David A. Wise, editors.  ISBN:  0226310116

RAL:  HD7090S583 1999

Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States; Aging

In nearly every industrialized country, the population is aging rapidly and individuals are living longer, demographic trends that have strained the financial viability of these countries' social security systems.  The financial strain has been compounded by another trend:  workers are leaving the labor force at increasingly younger ages.  What accounts for this striking decline in labor force participation?  One explanation is that social security programs actually provide incentives for early retirement.  Social Security Programs and Retirement Around the World houses a set of remarkable papers that present information on the social security systems, and labor force participation patterns.

Social Security and Retirement around the World presents comparable descriptive data and analytic calculations for each of the eleven countries discussed.  The chapters begin with a description of the historical evolution of labor force participation and then present data on the current age-specific activities and income sources of men and women.  Each paper then goes on to describe the institutional features of the country's social security system, highlighting any interactions with other public programs. 

Sustaining Social Security.  1997.  United Nations Publications, ISBN:  9211301858.

RAL:  HD7090U54 1997

 

Chile, Hungary, Togo and China; Culture and social security.  Student review by Christina Becker

In many societies, informal social structures, notably the family, have traditionally assumed responsibility for those who had no means of livelihood.  However, these structures have themselves changed and are no longer so effective as safety nets.  Of particular importance, families are smaller and have fewer members of working age to support those who are not working.

The social security provided by Governments as a complement to these informal structures varies greatly in nature and magnitude from country to country.  Almost universally, however, government systems are or soon will be facing severe resource constraints.  The need for change and reform is clear.  Governments considering how they can best meet the needs of their citizens must do so in the light of an increasingly competitive and integrated international economic environment.

Demographic factors, an increase in personal economic insecurity and the erosion of various informal social safety nets have caused social security issues to become the subject of national policy debate around the world.  Those changes, together with an emerging new consensus on the respective roles of the State and individuals, have ushered in a period of innovation and experimentation in addressing the needs of the vulnerable members of all societies.

Sustaining Social Security explores the central problems of social security and alternative solutions to them.  Part one addresses conceptual problems of system design and governance, while part two examines how these problems have been addressed in a selection of country situations.

The Struggle for Social Security, 1900-1935.  Roy Lubove.   1986.  University of Pittsburgh Press, ISBN:  082295379X.

RAL:  HD7125L8  1986

History (1900-1935); Social Security; U.S. focus

For Americans in the 1980s, both young and old, social security is an integral part of economic life, and even political conservatives are loathe to tamper with it.   Today, more than fifty years after the Social Security Act of 1935, it is easy to forget that such programs of assistance were launched in a hostile climate.

In the first third of the century, proposals for workmen's compensation, unemployment or health insurance, widows' or old age pensions met resistance on the grounds that such aid diminished the dignity of the individual.  Opponents charged that charitable agencies performed their tasks well enough and t hat government participation in social welfare would only encourage pauperism.

In The Struggle for Social Security Roy Lubove describes the clash between the traditional American ethic of individualism and voluntarism and the new movement for a positive government role in welfare assistance.  Lubove also considers the struggle within the social security movement.  Some saw social security primarily as a means to relieve the burdens of unfortunate individuals in modern society.  Others saw it in grander terms - an opportunity to change American society fundamentally by redistributing wealth.  Lubove concludes his study with the actual legislative enactments of 1935 when, after the experience of the Great Depression, social insurance came into its own.

Pensions, Politics, and the Elderly:  Historical Social Movements and Their Lessons for Our Aging Society.  Daniel J. B. Mitchell.   2000. M.E. Sharpe, ISBN:  0-7656-0519-8.

RAL:  HD7105.35U6M57 2000

History (1920's - present); Aging; U.S. focus

This book suggests a scenario for the aging baby boom in the United States.  It relies on past experience, namely developments centered in California in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s.  In that time and place the politics of the elderly had a major impact on the local and national scene.  In particular, California was the home of the "Ham and Eggs" movement, a plan to pay citizens fifty years old and over "$30 Every Thursday" in a new California currency.  And it was home of other elderly-based pension movements as well. 

In the next two chapters, Mitchell describes the Ham and Eggs movement and how it developed.  He will show that the Ham and Eggs plan was a natural outgrowth of the elderly demographics of California.  The creation of Ham and Eggs - and the related movements described in chapters 4 and 5 - reflected the economic frustration of the elderly along with various currents of popular economic thought prevalent at the time.  And Mitchell will argue that the retirement of the baby boomers will produce a twenty-first century counterpart to Ham and Eggs - that is, a political movement (or movements) coined from the thinking of that future era and earlier developments.

Framing the Social Security Debate:  Values, Politics, and Economics (Conference of the National Academy of Social Insurance).  R. Douglas Arnold, Michael J. Graetz, Alicia H. Munnell, editors.  1998.  National Academy of Social Insurance, ISBN:  0815701535.

RAL: HD7125F73 1998

Social Security Reform

In his 1998 State of the Union address, President Clinton challenged Americans to a public debate about how to fix the long-term financial problems of Social Security.  This annual volume of the National Academy of Social Insurance provides a framework for that debate.  Competing reform proposals reflect contrasting views about the nature of the Social Security problem and how to solve it.  This book examines issues about privatization, national savings and economic growth, the political risks and realities in reforms, lessons from private pension developments in the United States, and the efforts of other advanced industrial countries to adapt their old-age pensions to an aging population.  It also poses philosophical arguments about collective versus individual responsibility and the implications of market risks and political risks for stable and secure retirement income policy.

Also available on the web as an electronic book.  Go to RAL, CLIC, search for book title.  Click on " Electronic Access" and follow instructions.

Issues in Privatizing Social Security:  Report of an Expert Panel of the National Academy of Social Insurance.  Peter A Diamond, editor.  1999.  MIT Press, ISBN:   0262041774.

RAL:  HD7125N283 1999

 

Student review by Mark Burgers; Student review by Nate Eilers and Scott Haiar

Description:  Two types of changes to Social Security have been proposed.  One would keep the current defined-benefit structure but build and maintain a larger trust fund, to be partially invested in stocks and corporate bonds.  The other would set up individual funded accounts, also to be partially invested in private markets.  Both would raise taxes or lower benefits in the near term to increase funds for paying future benefits.

This study addresses many important aspects of these politically charged proposals.  The questions discussed include:  Should Social Security have more advance funding?   Should Social Security funds be invested in the stock market?  If investments are organized by the government, what independent institutions would shield portfolio decisions and corporate governance from political pressures?  If investments are privately organized, what would be the regulatory structure?  Finally, should Social Security include individual defined-contribution accounts or stay with traditional defined benefits?

Also available on the web as an electronic book.  Go to RAL, CLIC, search for book title.  Click on "Electronic Access" and follow instructions.

Social Security in the 21st Century.  Eric R. Kingson, James H. Schulz, editors.  1997.   Oxford University Press, ISBN:  0195104250.

RAL: HD7125S59923 1997

Student review by Mike Lindeman and Jeff Eikmeier

This informative book offers an introduction to the basic economic, demographic, and political aspects of social security, and addresses the questions most often asked regarding this subject.  It offers the historical background, concepts, statistics, and options necessary to make informed judgments about the program, and addresses issues such as intergenerational equity, gender discrimination, and the future entitlement programs in a time of reduced government spending.  Perfect for people who would like a comprehensive overview on social security, this book offers an authoritative but balanced discussion of all issues of concern. 

Social Security and Medicare:  Individual versus Collective Risk and Responsibility.  Sheila Burke, Eric R. Kingson, Uwe Reinhard, editors.  2000.  Brookings Institute, ISBN:   0815712839.

RAL:  HD7125S5957 2000

This volume examines the concept of introducing choice into the Social Security and Medicare programs, how it would be defined and structured, and what sort of safeguards would be needed to protect program participants.  The ideas, from representatives of the public and private sectors, range from "tinkering" to "overhauling" the programs to make them more responsive and cost-effective.  The contributors provide an overview of the history and fundamental values of social insurance, discuss options for reforming Social Security and Medicare, review the benefits and drawbacks of expanding, choice options, explore the types of mechanisms needed to protect consumers if market-based are adopted, and addresses the political likelihood of Social Security and Medicare reforms.   The essays in this volume give parameters to the debate over the future of Social Security and Medicare, and reflect the range and diversity of views which will shape these two hallmark social insurance programs for decades to come.
Who Will Care for Us?:   Aging and Long-Term Care in Multicultural America.  Ronald J. Angel, Jacqueline L. Angel.  1999.  New York University Press, ISBN:  0814706835.

RAL------  HV1461F56513 1997

Student review by Mike Soucie

Description:  In this book, we examine the great racial and ethnic diversity among the elderly in the contemporary United States in terms of living arrangements, economic well-being, and reliance on formal and family-based sources of support.  Our goal is to assess levels of need for long-term care for the elderly among blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites and to examine possible alternatives to institutionalization.